ICE AGE MAP
Ice Age guides
Understand the dates, landscapes and scientific limits behind the map.
The science behind the map
The Last Glacial Maximum: when ice sheets were largest
What the Last Glacial Maximum means, when it happened, and why 21,000 years ago is a useful map view rather than one universal peak.
Read guide ↗Ice Age sea levels and changing coastlines
Why lower Ice Age seas exposed land, how global and local sea level differ, and how this atlas calculates its simplified coastlines.
Read guide ↗How Ice Age ice sheets and thickness are reconstructed
How PaleoMIST combines geological constraints and ice-sheet modelling, and what an ice thickness estimate on this map can and cannot tell you.
Read guide ↗Lost landscapes
Doggerland: the landscape beneath the North Sea
What is known about Doggerland, rising seas and the Storegga tsunami, and why a single catastrophic disappearance is too simple.
Read guide ↗Beringia: land between Asia and North America
Beringia was an exposed continental shelf, not a bridge made of ice. Learn what the geography does and does not reveal about migration.
Read guide ↗Sunda Shelf: Southeast Asia at lower sea level
How Ice Age sea levels connected the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, while deep-water passages remained toward Sahul.
Read guide ↗Sahul: Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania connected
Explore Sahul’s exposed shelves during low sea levels and understand why a map of land connections is not a proven settlement route.
Read guide ↗